Dolor anal funcional

Zusammenfassung

Functional anorectal pain (FAP) is included within functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGD), defined according to Rome criteria. These criteria have changed over the years, and have recently been revised and updated with the publication of the Rome IV criteria. FAP thus has three well-defined and differentiated categories: levator ani syndrome, non-specific functional anorectal pain and proctalgia fugax. It is a benign functional disorder with a global prevalence of 11.6%, whose physiopathology is not well known, so its clinical course is unpredictable and the treatments available are often not effective. Levator ani syndrome and non-specific functional anorectal pain are characterized by chronic anal pain, lasting at least 30 minutes, which may even be continuous in time and never go away. This pain is described by patients as a sensation of increased rectal pressure, and the difference between the two is that in levator ani syndrome there is a discomfort to the traction of the puborectal muscle, while in non-specific functional anorectal pain there is not. Proctalgia fugax on the other hand is characterized by a sharp and spasmodic pain, of short duration and high intensity, leaving the patient asymptomatic after them, and without alterations in the physical examination. Biofeedback and inhaled salbutamol are among the most commonly used treatments.