Dermatitis atópica

Resumo

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory disease with a complex pathophysiology in which genetic, immunological and environmental factors are involved. Its pathophysiology implies a structural and functional alteration of the skin barrier and an alteration of the Th2 (T-helper cell type 2)-pattern-immune response. This alterations produce an inflammatory response. The typical symptoms are cutaneous xerosis, intense itching and eczema. However, its phenotype is very heterogene ous and varies with age. To assess its severity, several scales have been described, of which the most used are EASI (Eczema Area and Severity Index) and SCORAD (Scoring Atopic Dermatitis). AD can be associated with immuno-allergic comorbidities, especially asthma, rhinitis and conjunctivitis. It is also related to a higher frequency of depression and anxiety. AD has several treatment options including topical treatments (corticosteroids, tacrolimus, pimecrolimus, chrysoborol), physical treatments (phototherapy), systemic treatments (corticosteroids, cyclosporine, methotrexate, azathioprine, mycophenolate mofetil), biological therapies (dupilumab, tralokinumab, lebrikizumab, nemolizumab) or JAK (Janus kinase) inhibitors (baricitinib, upadacitinib, abrocitinib).