Future expectations of adolescents from different social backgrounds

  1. Pilar Fornell Lacida
  2. Ortíz Bermúdez, Amaranta Úrsula
  3. Rodríguez Mora, Álvaro
  4. Verdugo, Laura
  5. Sánchez Sandoval, Yolanda
Revista:
Anales de psicología

ISSN: 0212-9728 1695-2294

Año de publicación: 2023

Volumen: 39

Número: 2

Páginas: 294-303

Tipo: Artículo

Otras publicaciones en: Anales de psicología

Resumen

Este trabajo analiza las expectativas futuras durante la adolescencia y su relación con variables personales (edad, sexo, autoestima y satis-facción vital) y contextuales (apoyo social percibido y nivel de riesgo). La muestra está formada por 748 adolescentes, con edades comprendidas entre los 9 y 16 años (M = 11.93, SD = 1.42) procedentes de contextos con distinto nivel de riesgo social. Los resultados muestran que las expectativas futuras disminuyen a medida que aumenta la edad, con pocas diferencias encontradas en función del sexo. Autopercepciones y sentimientos de apoyo social más positivos se asocian a mejores expectativas futuras. En relación al nivel de riesgo, contextos más vulnerables tienen un efecto negativo en las expectativas futuras. Los análisis de regresión muestran la capacidad predictiva de las variables estudiadas. Finalmente, el modelo de ecuaciones estructurales confirma el efecto causal positivo del ajuste psicológico y del apoyo social percibido, así como la influencia negativa de los contextos con mayores desventajas sociales, sobre las expectativas de futuro. Los resultados encontrados proponen la necesidad de instaurar programas preventivos orientados a fomentar los recursos personales de los niños, especialmente en aquellos que pertenecen a contextos vulnerables.

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