Estrés oxidativo en la asfixia perinatal y la encefalopatía hipóxico-isquémica

  1. Antonio Nuñez
  2. Isabel Benavente
  3. Dorotea Blanco
  4. Héctor Boix
  5. Fernando Cabañas
  6. Mercedes Chaffanel
  7. Belén Fernández-Colomer
  8. José Ramón Fernández-Lorenzo
  9. Begoña Loureiro
  10. María Teresa Moral
  11. Antonio Pavón
  12. Inés Tofé
  13. Eva Valverde
  14. Máximo Vento
Revista:
Anales de Pediatría: Publicación Oficial de la Asociación Española de Pediatría ( AEP )

ISSN: 1695-4033 1696-4608

Any de publicació: 2018

Volum: 88

Número: 4

Pàgines: 228-228

Tipus: Article

DOI: 10.1016/J.ANPEDI.2017.05.005 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openAccés obert editor

Altres publicacions en: Anales de Pediatría: Publicación Oficial de la Asociación Española de Pediatría ( AEP )

Resum

Birth asphyxia is one of the principal causes of early neonatal death. In survivors it may evolve to hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy and major long-term neurological morbidity. Prolonged and intense asphyxia will lead to energy exhaustion in tissues exclusively dependent on aerobic metabolism, such as the central nervous system. Energy deficit leads to ATP-dependent pumps blockage, with the subsequent loss of neuronal transmembrane potential. The most sensitive areas of the brain will die due to necrosis. In more resistant areas, neuronal hyper-excitability, massive entrance of ionic calcium, activation of NO-synthase, free radical generation, and alteration in mitochondrial metabolism will lead to a secondary energy failure and programmed neuronal death by means of the activation of the caspase pathways. A third phase has recently been described that includes persistent inflammation and epigenetic changes that would lead to a blockage of oligodendrocyte maturation, alteration of neurogenesis, axonal maturation, and synaptogenesis. In this scenario, oxidative stress plays a critical role causing direct damage to the central nervous system and activating metabolic cascades leading to apoptosis and inflammation. Moderate whole body hypothermia to preserve energy stores and to reduce the formation of oxygen reactive species attenuates the mechanisms that lead to the amplification of cerebral damage upon resuscitation. The combination of hypothermia with coadjuvant therapies may contribute to improve the prognosis.