Análisis de la importación de cemento por vía marítima en España desde finales del siglo XX hasta la actualidad

Resumen

The main topic of the thesis is the search and obtention of certain tools and criteria which allow us to propose an analytical methodology in order to understand and demonstrate the reasons why Spain has been importing Clinker from so far places as China or Thailand instead of Turkey which should have been the "natural" supplier due to their geographical proximity. Initially we highlighted the next objectives: -To Analyze the capacities and/or logistic limitations of the spanish ports on their cement terminals. -To demonstrate that the import/export capacities of a country go intimately linked to their logistic capacities. -To relate the main cement economic parameters with the import/export capacities of a country. For that: -We have studied the cement history from their begginings together with his Spanish evolution till nowadays. -We have analyzed the freight market from the cement transportation point of view. -We have analyzed the Spanish port cement terminals. -We have issued done freight calculations in order to demonstrate the paramount importance of the ports logistics capacities. Achieving the next conclusions: -The freight value is what determines the global cement movements. The shorter distance does not guarantee the cheapest freight. -It has been demonstrated that the import/export capacites of a country go linked to economical factors, which might be financial or logistics, and the economical level of a country are intimately linked to the cement consumption of the same. -It has been demonstrated that the logistic capacities are the ones determining if a country can import/export to overseas countries, so Spain with her fantastic ports and bulk terminals has been able to receive big vessels from distant countries like China. Also we can confirm: -The cement is a strategical material that big corporations and governments try to control giving rise to an oligopoly. -The value of a ship analyzed as a logistic cost is directly related to the value of the cement. We have standardized a formula to pass from Time charter to a freight par metric ton. -The cost of the low value dry bulk cargoes depends almost exclusively of their logistic cost. -The economy of scale in the cement world does not always apply, due to the fact that in a lot of places we need vessels cranes and grabs to load/discharge which makes totally impossible to use bigger vessels because those are usually gearless.