Inadaptación escolar y percepción personal de futuro durante la adolescencia temprana

Resum

During the stage of compulsory Secondary Education students experience a growing pressure on their academic results. Besides, they are worried about the decisions that they have to make shortly related to their future. The aim of this study is to understand the possible relationships between school adjustment and future expectations of 355 adolescents. Two data collections were performed (1st and 2nd Secondary Education). School adjustment was measured with the self reported multifactor test of child adjustment (TAMAI) (Hernández, 1996), provided by all the children and the EA-P (Cava and Musitu, 1999), completed by their teachers. We studied the possible differences related to sociodemographic characteristics. The results showed differences in these children’ future expectations related to personal characteristics, especially in relation to their school adjustment. The boys showed lower future expectations than girls. Furthermore, they are more academically misfits. This school maladjustment is higher in children from dysfunctional families and / or from families who have significant financial needs. The children who showed the worst future expectations in 1st ESO were those who showed greater school maladjustment in 2nd ESO. This study shows the relationships between motivational aspects (expectations) and actual school adjustment.