La mayor adhesión a la dieta mediterránea no se asocia a un mejor control metabólico en pacientes con diabetes tipo 1

Résumé

Objectives The objective of the present study is to evaluate the level of adherence to the Mediterranean diet model in a group of patients with type diabetes 1 and to determine whether a higher level of adherence to a Mediterranean diet is associated with a better metabolic control or vascular risk factors. Material and methods A descriptive study was conducted on 132 patients with type diabetes 1 and a mean age 33.7 ± 11.7 years. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was evaluated by means of a validated questionnaire that provided a score between 0 and 14. The clinical, anthropometric and metabolic parameters analysed were compiled by means of personal interviews; a study of the clinical history and analytical results measured for metabolic control. Results The mean adherence to the Mediterranean diet scored 8.9 ± 1.9 points, with 59% of the patients having a score of 9 points or lower. Significant differences in adherence to the Mediterranean diet were not found for any of the clinical, anthropometric or analytical parameters analysed. Patients with a higher level of adherence to the Mediterranean diet did not have more favourable lipid profiles, or lower levels of glycated haemoglobin, or less microvascular complications. Conclusions Most patients with type diabetes 1 evaluated in our study showed a level medium-low level of adherence to the traditional Mediterranean diet model. Higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet was not associated with better metabolic control or other vascular risk factors.