Trabajadores migrantes y activismo sindical en los márgeneslos centros de trabajadores como campo organizativo

  1. Roca, Beltrán 1
  2. Martín Díaz, Emma 2
  1. 1 Universidad de Cádiz
    info

    Universidad de Cádiz

    Cádiz, España

    ROR https://ror.org/04mxxkb11

  2. 2 Universidad de Sevilla
    info

    Universidad de Sevilla

    Sevilla, España

    ROR https://ror.org/03yxnpp24

Revista:
Migraciones

ISSN: 1138-5774,  2341-0833

Any de publicació: 2020

Títol de l'exemplar: Junio 2020

Número: 49

Pàgines: 31-58

Tipus: Article

DOI: 10.14422/MIG.I49.Y2020.002 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openAccés obert editor

Altres publicacions en: Migraciones

Resum

Worker centers are community-based organizations that provide services, undertake political advocacy and organize low-waged workers, mainly migrants, in the USA. This article attempts to analyze worker centers as an organizational field, paying attention to the factors that foster both isomorphism and heterogeneity. Drawing on an ethnographic study in NYC metropolitan area, it concludes that before a context of segmentation of the labor market and lack of trade union engagement in secondary labor markets, the response of migrant workers has focused on developing their own organizational forms, whose main asset are the networks that are (re) created for adapting. In addition, as an organizational field, the networks among these organizations imply both collaboration and competition. In this sense, the article identifies two main models: one that tends to institutionalization and another that put emphasis on direct action and the workplace.

€ Mostra el finançament

Informació de finançament

La investigación se enmarca en dos proyectos de investigación financiador por el Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades: “Redes de solidaridad de trabajadores migrantes en Estados Unidos y Europa” (ref. CAS18/00018), del programa José Castillejo, y “Nuevas ‘movilidades’ intraeuropeas: decisiones sobre el trabajo, la familia y la política de los españoles ‘transmigrantes’” (CSO2017-84618-P), del Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación.

Finançadors

Referències bibliogràfiques

  • Avedaño, A., y Hiatt, J. (2012). Worker self-organization in the new economy: The AFL-CIO’s experience in movement building with community-labour partnerships. Labour, Capital and Society, 45(1), 66-95.
  • Black, S. J. (2005). Community Unionism: A Strategy for Organizing in the New Economy. New Labor Forum, 14(3), 24-32.
  • Blake, J. (2012). Professionalism and the third sector. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the ISTR 10th International Conference. BLS (2019). New York City Economic Summary. Update April 03, 2019. Washington DC: Bureau of Labor Statistics. https://www.bls.gov/regions/economic%E2%80%90summaries.htm
  • Bowles, S., y Gintis, H. (1975). The problem with human capital theory-A Marxian critique. American Economic Review, 65(2), 74-82.
  • Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006) Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3, 77-101.
  • Connolly, H., Marino, S., y Martínez Lucio, M. (2014). Trade union renewal and the challenges of representation: Strategies towards migrant and ethnic minority workers in the Netherlands, Spain and the United Kingdom. European Journal of Industrial Relations, 20(1), 5-20.
  • Connolly, H., Marino, S., y Martínez Luicio, M. (2019). Immigrants and trade unions in the European context. The politics of social inclusion and labor representation. Ithaca and London: ILR Press.
  • DiMaggio, P. J., y Powell, W. W. (1983). The iron cage revisited: Institutional isomorphism and collective rationality in organizational fields. American Sociological Review, 48, 147-160. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/2095101
  • Fielding, T. (2010). Migration in a time of crisis: A simple conceptual framework applied to East Asian migrations (Working Paper nº 63). Brighton: University of Sussex, Sussex Centre for Migration Research.
  • Fine, J. (2005). Community unions and the revival of the American labor movement. Politics & Society, 33(1), 153-199. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0032329204272553
  • Fine, J. (2006). Worker centers: organizing communities at the edge of the dream. Ithaca, NY: Economic Policy Institute/Cornell University Press.
  • Fine. J. (2011). New forms to settle old scores: updating the worker centre story in the United States. Relations Industrielles/Industrial Relations, 66, 604-27.
  • Fine, J., Narro, V., y Barnes, J. (2019). Understanding worker center trayectories. En J. Fine, L. Burnham, K. Griffith, M. Ji, V. Narro y S. Pitts (Eds.), No one size fits all: Worker organization, policy, and movement in a new economic Age (pp. 7-38). Campaign, IL: LERA.
  • Gordon, D. M. (1972). Theories of poverty and underemployment. Lexington, MA: DC Heath.
  • Gordon, D. M., Edwards, R., y Reich, M. (1986). Trabajo segmentado. Trabajadores divididos: La transformación histórica del trabajo en los Estados Unidos. Madrid: Ministerio de Trabajo y Seguridad Social.
  • Hambrick, D. C., Finkelstein, S., Cho, T. S., y Jackson, E. M. (2005). Isomorphism in reverse: Institutional theory as an explanation for recent increases in intra-industry heterogeneity and managerial discretion. Research in Organizational Behavior, 26, 307-350. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-3085(04)26008-7
  • Heery, E., Williams, S., y Abbott, B. (2012). Civil society organizations and trade unions: cooperation, conflict, indifference. Work, Employment and Society, 26(1), 145-160. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0950017011426302
  • Hopkins, T., y Wallerstein, I. (1977). Patterns of development of the modern World-system. Review, 1(2), 11-145.
  • Jarayaman, S., y Ness, I. (2005). Introduction. En S. Jarayaman y I. Ness (Eds.), The new urban immigrant workforce. Innovative models for labor organizing (pp. 3-8). New York, London: M E Sharp.
  • Jenkins, S. (2002). Organizing, advocacy, and member power: A critical reflection. Working USA, 6(2), 56-89
  • King, R., y Black, R. (1997). Southern Europe and the new immigrations. Brighton: Sussex Academic Press.
  • Leiter, J. (2005). Structural isomorphism in Australian non-profit organizations. Voluntas, 16(1), 1-31. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11266-005-3230-1
  • Lesser, G., y Batalova, J. (2017, abril 17). Inmigrantes centroamericanos en Estados Unidos. Migration Information Source. Recuperado de https:// www.migrationpolicy.org/article/inmigrantes-centroamericanos-en-losestados-unidos
  • Lopez, S. H. (2004). Reorganizing the Rust Belt: An inside study of the American labor movement. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Manheim, J. B. (2017). The emerging role of worker centers in union organizing. An update and a supplement. Washington, DC: US Chamber of Commerce.
  • Marino, S., Pennix, R., y Roosblad, J. (2015). Trade unions, immigration and immigrants in Europe revisited: Unions’ attitudes and actions under new conditions. Comparative Migration Studies, 3, 1. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40878-015-0003-x
  • Martín Díaz, E., Melis Maynar, A., y Sanz Casas, G. (2004). Mercados de trabajo e inmigración extracomunitaria en la agricultura mediterránea. Sevilla: Junta de Andalucía, Consejería de Asuntos Sociales.
  • Martínez Lucio, M. (2017). Organising without knowing it? The curious case of para-organising-style campaigns in southern Europe and the case of trade union elections in Spain. Transfer, 23(1), 89-94.
  • Massey, D. S., y Pren, K. A. (2013). The United States war against immigration. Paradoxical effects. Doc Anal Geogr, 59(2), 209-237.
  • Mayring, P. (2007). On generalization in qualitatively oriented research [23 paragraphs]. Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung / Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 8(3), Art. 26, http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs0703262
  • McBride, J., y Greenwood, I (eds) (2009). Community Unionism: A Comparative Analysis of Concepts and Contexts. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Milkman, R. (2000). L.A. Story. Immigrant workers and the future of the US Labor Movement. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
  • Milkman, R. (2013). Back to the Future? US Labour in the New Gilded Age. British Journal of Industrial Relations, 51(4), 645-665.
  • Milkman, R. (2014). Introduction: Toward a new labor movement? Organizing New York City’s precariat. En R. Milkman y E. Ott (Eds.), New Labor in New York. Precarious Workers and the Future of the Labor Movement (pp. 1-23). Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press.
  • MOIA. (2018). State of our immigrant city. Annual Report March 2018. Nueva York: NYC Mayor’s Office for Immigrant Affairs. https://www1.nyc.gov/assets/immigrants/downloads/pdf/moia_annual_report_2018_final.pdf
  • Moody, K. (2009). Immigrant workers and labour/community organisations in the United States. En J. McBride y I. Greenwood (Eds.), Community unionism. A comparative analysis of concepts and contexts (pp. 139-159). Basingstoke: Palgrave MacMillan.
  • Mora, C. (2014). Making Hispanics. How activists, bureaucrats and media constructed a new American. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Mottura, G. (1992, septiembre). Forme della presenza extracomunitaria nella agricoltura italiana: resultati di una prima esplorazione. Ponencia presentada al curso de la UIMP Trabajadores inmigrantes en la agricultura mediterránea, Valencia, España.
  • Murray, G. (2017). Union renewal: what can we learn from three decades of research? Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research, 23(1), 9-29. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/1024258916681723
  • Ness, I. (2005). Immigrants, unions, and the new U. S. labor market. Philadelphia: Temple University Pres.
  • Pennix, R., y Roosblad, J. (Eds). (2001). Trade unions, immigration and immigrants in Europe, 1960-1993: A comparative study of the actions of trade unions in seven West European countries. London: Berghahn Books.
  • Piore, M. J. (1969.) Impact of the labor market upon the design and the selection of production techniques within the manufacturing plan. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 82(4), 602-620.
  • Piore, M. J. (1979). Birds of Passage: Migrant Labour and Industrial Society. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Pugliese, G. (1992, septiembre). L’immigrazione in Italia: un confronto tra Nord e Sur. Ponencia presentada al curso de la UIMP Trabajadores inmigrantes en la agricultura mediterránea, Valencia, España.
  • Roca, B. (2006). Entre la competencia y la cooperación: la construcción de redes entre las Organizaciones No Gubernamentales de Desarrollo en Andalucía. Redes. Revista hispana para el análisis de redes sociales, 11(2). https://revistes.uab.cat/redes/article/download/v11-n2-roca/94-pdf-es
  • Roca, B. (2014). Conflicto y cambio en el tercer sector. Carisma, control externo y heterogeneidad en las ONGD. Papers: Revista de Sociología, 99(1), 97-118.
  • Roca, B. (2016). Transformaciones en el trabajo y movimiento sindical. Propuestas para una renovación necesaria. Madrid: Fundación Alternativas.
  • Roca, B. (2019). Analyzing Isomorphism in Nongovernmental Organizations: Ethical Dilemmas in Ethnographic Fieldwork. SAGE Research Methods Cases, 2, 1-10
  • Sassen, S. (2005). The Global City: Introducing a concept. Brown Journal of World Affairs, 11, 27-43.
  • Sassen, S. (2014). Expulsions: Brutality and complexity in the global economy. Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. Semuels, A. (2018, junio 27). Is This the End of Public-Sector Unions in America? The Atlantic. Recuperado de https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2018/06/janus-afscme-public-sector-unions/563879/
  • Silverman, D. (2009). Doing Qualitative Research. London: SAGE.
  • Sullivan, R. (2010). Revitalization and the role of community-based organizations organizing workers in the space between unions: Unioncentric labor. Critical Sociology, 36(6), 793-819.
  • Wills, J., y Simms, M. (2004). Building reciprocal community unionism in the UK. Capital and Class, 28(1), 59-84.
Fuente de los datos: Dialnet