Revisionismo teórico sobre el fenómeno de las adaptaciones acuáticas durante el paleolítico y su relación con el desafío de la navegación de cabotaje y gran cabotaje en los tiempos pleistocénicoscuenca occidental mediterránea y zona insular del sudeste asiático

Abstract

This research work deals with two issues that I consider to be intimately related: the aquatic adaptations during the Paleolithic period and the challenge of the Pleistocene navigation. I base the foundation of the aforementioned interrelationship on the premise of eating before travelling. Due to this proposal I have considered it necessary to carry out a revisionist process on the aforementioned aquatic adaptations, given that the scientific community generally still does not accept that aquatic resources and habitats (marine and continental) exercise any influence on modern pre anatomic Homo taxons. The evidence that our ancestors interacted during the Paleolithic via different catchment strategies, with the resources that aquatic means provided is important not only to validate the role of the aforementioned resources in the Pleistocene paieodietetic field, but to suggest that it was precisely the interrelationships with the aforementioned natural means that gave primitive seafarers the necessary technical and manual skills and abilities to carry out the first 'leaps' made over water. Likewise, the aquatic adaptations presuppose the consumption of high quality foods belonging to the aquatic trophic chain, which had to have an effect on the mental development and a greater cognitive capacity than what we presuppose nowadays for the modern pre anatomic taxons. I consider these phenomena, referred to in this work as Implication a and Implication 3/ to be inescapable requirements, as much in terms of being able to consider the paleoecological role of marine resources in the survival and spread of hominids over coastai areas as the suggestion of the nautical possibilities of modern pre and anatomic taxons during the Pleistocene, both aspects categorized as Implication y. In addition, the different biases that condition the themes of the object of study have also been considered: the by-product of geological phenomena and differential preservation, elements that have provided us with an incomplete, fragmentary, biased record filled with uncertainties; like those that come from ethnographic and archaeological thinking and from preconceived theories, which have determined the ability to interpret. In the same way methodological problems stemming from taphonomic logic have been considered, an issue that is very closely linked to the formation processes of the Pleistocene archaeological record. In this sense, taphonomic logic shows that it is only possible to deduce from the Pleistocene record the minimum cultural level of modern pre anatomic taxons, which has contributed to deconstructing the conceptual structure of Technological Primitivism and Anglo-Saxon minimalism, whose epistemic confusion consisted in examining together the part conserved archaeologically with the earlier cultural system in its entirety. On the other hand, the lack of documents has made it necessary to resort, in terms of methodology, to the ethnographic record and experimental archaeology. In relation to the latter, the constructive maritime conclusions provided by "The First Mariners Project" in a context of specific cultural and paleotechnical monitoring of the Paleolithic period examined with the aim of reducing the speculative load. Likewise, the potential maritime crossings of the selected geographical zones (Western Mediterranean Sea and Insular Southeast Asia) have been suggested according to results obtained after the analysis of chronological, techno-typological, paleoanthropological and bathymetric criteria, with the objective of determining the trajectories of paths according to the emergence of continental platforms and high topographies in glacio- eusfcatic moments of marine regression.