Optimización en el posicionamiento para la realización de un levantamiento arquitectónico

Zusammenfassung

This Phd Thesis sets a selection method for the various positions from which data acquisition is carried out for an Architectural Survey on a building. The aim of this research work was to obtain a method that can be used by Land Surveyors, Engineers and Architects to accurately carry out architectural surveys on buildings. To that end, a method of finding the optimum number of positions from which data acquisition is carried out has been investigated. This research was deemed necessary when it was observed that up until now, Architectural Surveys have been carried out based on the professional experience and know-how of the person carrying them out, who uses his/her intuition to calculate by sight where the best positions to place the instruments are, but without any control checking that this data acquisition will be accurate. This can lead to a waste of money, time and more importantly, errors in data acquisition. To solve the problem posed, two algorithms were designed for this research project, to give a reasonable number of positions which allow a building to be accurately visualised from the outside. The first of these comes from the optimization techniques based on the Art Gallery Problem. This problem studies the minimum number of guards necessary to watch over an art gallery in its entirety. After this first approach, a Genetic Algorithm was designed. This technique, as can be guessed from its name, simulates the Evolution of Species. Once the algorithms were designed, an architectural survey was carried out with a laser scanner on the Rio Arillo Tidal Mill, in Cádiz, declared a Cultural Heritage Site. This was used as a case study. The main conclusion obtained from this research is that both of the algorithms designed mean an important improvement to surveying works. Nevert-heless, it is considered necessary to continue this line of research, in order to obtain more accurate results, and for it to be applicable to a wider range of building types.