Aplicaciones de las técnicas de ADN ambiental al estudio y conservación de los recursos naturales

  1. Amador Huerta Vela 1
  2. Alejandro Centeno-Cuadros 1
  1. 1 Universidad de Cádiz
    info

    Universidad de Cádiz

    Cádiz, España

    ROR https://ror.org/04mxxkb11

Revista:
MoleQla: revista de Ciencias de la Universidad Pablo de Olavide

ISSN: 2173-0903

Año de publicación: 2020

Número: 40

Tipo: Artículo

Otras publicaciones en: MoleQla: revista de Ciencias de la Universidad Pablo de Olavide

Resumen

El ADN ambiental (environmental DNA, eDNA) es una metodología para analizar el material genético liberado por individuos que han transitado o habitan en el medio muestreado con el objetivo de identificar las especies a las que pertenece dicho material. El tipo de muestreo es no invasivo y permite analizar varios taxones simultáneamente partiendo de una misma muestra. Esta técnica, por lo general, identifica un mayor número de taxones y con menores tasas de error que las técnicas no moleculares. Desde la aparición de los secuenciadores masivos, el número de estudios relacionados con el eDNA ha aumentado exponencialmente debido a la relativa facilidad y abaratamiento de los costes asociados a la secuenciación. Las aplicaciones del eDNA siguen en aumento y diversificándose a través de diversas áreas de conocimiento asociadas a las Ciencias de la Vida. Este trabajo cuantifica y describe la influencia que ha tenido el eDNA en el estudio y conservación de la biodiversidad, prestando especial interés al estudio de ecosistemas antiguos, las interacciones planta-polinizador, el análisis de las dietas, la detección de especies invasoras, las respuestas a la contaminación o el análisis de la calidad del aire.

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