Las ratas y de la gente: Una Selección de Análisis Comparativo de Cue de la competencia, los contenidos de aprendizaje, y Recuperación

  1. Juan M Rosas
  2. A Matías Gámez
  3. Samuel P León
  4. Gabriel González Tirado
  5. J Byron Nelson
Revista:
International journal of psychology and psychological therapy

ISSN: 1577-7057

Año de publicación: 2017

Volumen: 17

Número: 2

Páginas: 223-244

Tipo: Artículo

Otras publicaciones en: International journal of psychology and psychological therapy

Resumen

Seleccione la literatura en relación con la competencia de referencia, los contenidos de aprendizaje y los procesos de recuperación se resume para demostrar paralelos y diferencias entre humanos y no humanos aprendizaje asociativo. fenómenos competencia, tales como bloqueo, ensombrecimiento y validez predictiva relativa son en gran medida análoga en animales y aprendizaje humano. En general, paralelos fuertes se encuentran en las estructuras asociativas establecidas durante el aprendizaje, así como en los fenómenos básicos asociados con la recuperación de información. Algunas diferencias surgen también, tales como la evaluación retrospectiva, lo que parece más fácil de observar en humanos que en animales no humanos. Sin embargo, los paralelos son suficientes para indicar que el estudio del aprendizaje en los animales sigue siendo relevante para el aprendizaje y la memoria humana.

Referencias bibliográficas

  • Alvarado A, Jara E, Vila J, & Rosas JM (2006). Time and order effects on causal learning. Learning and Motivation, 37, 324-345. Doi: 10.1016/j.lmot.2005.11.001
  • Arcediano F, Escobar H, & Matute H (2001). Reversal from blocking in humans as a result of postraining extinction of the blocking stimulus. Animal Learning & Behavior, 29, 354-366. Doi: 10.3758/BF03192901
  • Arcediano F, Matute H, & Miller RR (1997). Blocking of Pavlovian conditioning in humans. Learning and Motivation, 28, 188-199. Doi: 10.1006/lmot.1996.0957
  • Baetu I & Baker AG (2010). Extinction and blocking of conditioned inhibition in human causal learning. Learning & Behavior, 38, 394-407. Doi: 10.3758/LB.38.4.394
  • Bahrick HP, Clark S, & Bahrick P (1967). Generalization gradients as indicants of learning and retention of a recognition task. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 75, 464-471. Doi: 10.1037/h0025131
  • Baker AG, Mercier P, Vallee-Tourangeau F, Frank R, & Pan M (1993). Selective associations and causality judgments: presence of a strong causal factor may reduce judgments of a weaker one. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 19, 413-432. Doi: 10.1037/0278-7393.19.2.414
  • Blaisdell AP, Gunther LM, & Miller RR (1999). Recovery from blocking achieved by extinguishing the blocking CS. Animal Learning & Behavior, 27, 63-76. Doi: 10.3758/BF03199432
  • Boakes R (1984). From Darwin to Behaviorism: Psychology and the minds of animals. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1984.
  • Bonardi C, Honey RC, & Hall, G (1990). Context specificity of conditioning in flavor-aversion learning: Extinction and blocking tests. Animal Learning & Behavior, 18, 229-237. Doi: 10.3758/BF03205280
  • Bouton ME (1993). Context, time, and memory retrieval in the interference paradigms of Pavlovian learning. Psychological Bulletin, 114, 80-99. Doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.114.1.80
  • Bouton ME & Bolles RC (1979). Contextual control of the extinction of conditioned fear. Learning and Motivation, 10, 445-466. Doi: 10.1016/0023-9690(79)90057-2
  • Bouton ME & King DA (1983). Contextual control of the extinction of conditioned fear: Tests for the associative value of the context. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 9, 248-265. Doi: 10.1037/0097-7403.9.3.248
  • Bouton ME, Nelson JB, & Rosas, JM (1999). Stimulus generalization, context change, and forgetting. Psychological Bulletin, 125, 171-186.
  • Bouton, M. E., & Ricker, S. T. (1994). Renewal of extinguished responding in a second context. Animal Learning & Behavior, 22, 317-324. Doi: 10.3758/BF03209840
  • Bouton ME & Swartzentruber D (1986). Analysis of the associative and occasion-setting properties of contexts participating in a Pavlovian discrimination. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 12, 333-350. Doi: 10.1037/0097-7403.12.4.333
  • Bouton ME & Peck C (1992) Spontaneous recovery in cross-motivational transfer (counterconditioning). Animal Learning & Behavior, 20, 313-321. Doi: 10.3758/BF03197954
  • Bouton ME & Todd TP (2014). A fundamental role for context in instrumental learning and extinction. Behavioural Processes, 104, 13-19. Doi: 10.1016/j.beproc.2014.02.012
  • Brooks DC, Hale B, Nelson JB, & Bouton ME (1995). Reinstatement after counterconditioning. Animal Learning & Behavior, 23, 383-390. Doi: 10.3758/BF03198938
  • Brown AS (1976). Spontaneous recovery in human learning. Psychological Bulletin, 83, 321-338. Doi: 10.1037/00332909.83.2.32
  • Colagiuri B & Lovibond PF (2015). How food cues can enhance and inhibit motivation to obtain and consume food. Appetite, 84, 79-87. Doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2014.09.023
  • Colwill RM (1993). An associative analysis of instrumental learning. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 2, 111-116. Doi: 10.1111/1467-8721.ep10772598
  • Colwill RM (1994). Associative representations of instrumental contingencies. The Psychology of Learning and motivation, 31, 1-72. Doi: 10.1016/S0079-7421(08)60408-9
  • Colwill RM & Rescorla RA (1985). Post-conditioning devaluation of a reinforcer affects instrumental responding. Journal Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 11, 120-132. Doi: 10.1037/00977403.11.1.120
  • Colwill RM & Rescorla RA (1986). Associative structure in instrumental learning. The psychology of learning and motivation, 20, 55-104. Doi: 10.1016/S0079-7421(08)60016-X
  • Colwill RM & Rescorla RA (1988). Associations between the discriminative stimulus and the reinforcer in instrumental learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 14, 155-164. Doi: 10.1037/00977403.14.2.155
  • Colwill RM & Rescorla RA (1990). Evidence for the hierarchical structure of instrumental learning. Animal Learning & Behavior, 18, 71-82. Doi: 10.3758/BF03205241
  • Corbit LH & Balleine BW (2011). The general and outcome-specific forms of Pavlovian-instrumental transfer are differentially mediated by the nucleus accumbens core and shell. Journal of Neuroscience. 31, 11786-11794 Doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2711-11.2011
  • Darwin C (1871). The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex (Vol 1). London: John Murray.
  • Davey GCL & Singh J (1988). The Kamin ‘‘blocking’’ effect and electrodermal conditioning in humans. Journal of Psychophysiology, 2, 17–25.
  • Delamater AR (1996). Effects of several extinction treatments upon the integrity of Pavlovian stimulus-outcome associations. Animal Learning & Behavior, 24, 437-449. Doi: 10.3758/BF03199015
  • Delamater AR (1997). Selective reinstatement of stimulus-outcome associations. Animal Learning & Behavior, 25, 400-412. Doi: 10.3758/BF03209847
  • Denniston JC, Miller RR, & Matute H (1996). Biological significance as a determinant of cue competition. Psychological Science, 7, 325-331. Doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.1996.tb00383.x
  • Dickinson A & Burke J (1996). Within-compound associations mediate the retrospective revaluation of causality judgments. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 49B, 6080. Doi: 10.1080/713932614
  • Effting M & Kindt M (2007). Contextual control of human fear associations in a renewal paradigm. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 45, 2002-2018. Doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2007.02.011
  • Enright MK, Rovee-Collier CK, Fagen JW, & Caniglia K (1983). The effects of distributed training on retention and operant conditioning in human infants. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 36, 512-524. Doi: 10.1016/0022-0965(83)90030-9
  • Franks CM (1963). Personality and eyeblink conditioning seven years later. Acta Psychologica, 21, 295-312. Doi: 10.1016/0001-6918(63)90055-6
  • Gámez AM & Rosas JM (2005). Transfer of stimulus control across instrumental responses is attenuated by extinction in human instrumental conditioning. International Journal of Psychology and Psychological Therapy, 5, 207-222.
  • Gámez AM, León SP, & Rosas JM (2016). Roles of context in acquisition of human instrumental learning: Implications for the understanding of the mechanisms underlying context-switch effects. Learning & Behavior. Doi: 10.3758/s13420-016-0256-8
  • Gámez AM, Martos R, Abad MJF, & Rosas JM (2013). Associative relationships in human predictive learning. Spanish Journal of Psychology, 16, e5, 1-11. Doi: 10.1017/sjp.2013.7
  • Gámez AM & Rosas JM (2007). Associations in human instrumental conditioning. Learning and Motivation, 38, 242-261. Doi: 10.1016/j.lmot.2006.11.001
  • García Gutiérrez A & Rosas JM (2003). Context change as the mechanism of reinstatement in causal learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 29, 292-310. Doi: 10.1037/0097-7403.29.4.292
  • García Gutiérrez A & Rosas JM (2003). The role of number of cues on retroactive interference in causal learning. Psicológica, 24, 215-241.
  • García-Gutiérrez A, Rosas JM, & Nelson JB (2005). Extensive interference attenuates reinstatement in human predictive judgments. International Journal of Comparative Psychology, 18, 240-248.
  • Gleitman H & Holmes PA (1967). Retention of incompletely learned CER in rats. Psychonomic Science, 7, 19-20. Doi: 10.3758/BF03331055
  • Goddard MJ (1999). The effects of context extinction on US signal value. Learning and Motivation, 38, 314-325. Doi: 10.1016/j.lmot.2006.11.004
  • Hall G & Honey RC (1990). Context-specific conditioning in the conditioned-emotional-response procedure. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 16, 271-278. Doi: 10.1037/0097-7403.16.3.271
  • Hartman TF & Grant DA (1962). Differential eyelid conditioning as a function of the CS-UCS interval. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 64, 131-136. Doi: 10.1037/h0045437
  • Havermans RC, Keuker J, Lataster T, & Jansen A (2005). Contextual control of extinguished conditioned performance in humans. Learning and Motivation, 36, 1-19. Doi: 10.1016/j.lmot.2004.09.002
  • Hendersen RW (1978). Forgetting of conditioned fear inhibition. Learning and Motivation, 9, 16-30. Doi: 10.1016/0023-9690(78)90024-3
  • Hendersen RW (1985). Fearful memories: the motivational significance of forgetting. In FR Brush & JB Overmier (Eds.), Affect, conditioning, and cognition: Essays on the determinants of behavior (pp. 43-53). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Hinchy J, Lovibond PF, & Ter-Horst KM (1995). Blocking in human electrodermal conditioning. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 48B, 2-12. Doi: 10.1080/14640749508401433
  • Hoffman HS, Selekman W, & Jensen P (1966). Stimulus aspects of aversive controls: Long-term effects of conditioned suppression procedures. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 9, 659-662. Doi: 10.1901/ jeab.1966.9-659
  • Hogarth L, Reetzler C, Munafo MR, Tran DMD, Troisi II, JR, Rose, AK, Jones A, & Field M (2014). Extinction of cue-evoked drug-seeking relies on degrading hierarchical instrumental expectancies. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 59, 61-70. Doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2014.06.001
  • Holland PC (1984). Unblocking in Pavlovian appetitive conditioning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 10, 476-497. Doi: 10.1037/0097-7403.10.4.476
  • Holland PC (1999). Overshadowing and blocking as acquisition deficits: No recovery after extinction of overshadowing or blocking cues. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 52B, 307–333. Doi: 10.1080/027249999393022
  • Hull C (1943). Principles of Behavior. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
  • Humphreys LG, Miller J, & Ellson DG (1940). The effect of the inter-trial interval on the acquisition, extinction, and recovery of verbal expectations. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 27, 195-202. Doi: 10.1037/h0054580
  • Kamin LJ & Schaub RE (1963). Effects of conditioned stimulus intensity of the conditioned emotional response. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 56, 502-507. Doi: 10.1037/h0046616
  • Kamin LJ (1969). Predictability, surprise, attention, and conditioning. In B. Campbell & R. Church (Eds.), Punishment and aversive behavior (pp. 279-298). New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts. Kaufman MA & Bolles RC (1981). A nonassociative aspect of overshadowing. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 18, 318-320. Doi: 10.3758/BF03333639
  • Kimball BA & Billings V (2007). Do herbivores associate flavours with specific consequences in flavour aversion learning? Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 107, 252-261. Doi: 10.1016/j.applanim.2006.10.006
  • Konorski J (1948). Conditioned reflexes and neuron organization. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Laurent V, Chieng B & Balleine BW (2016). Extinction Generates Outcome-Specific Conditioned Inhibition. Current Biology, 23, 3169-3175. Doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2016.09.021
  • Le Pelley ME & McLaren IPL (2001). Retrospective revaluation in humans: Learning or memory? Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 54B, 311-352. Doi: 10.1080/713932762
  • León SP, Abad MJF, & Rosas JM (2010). The effect of context change on simple acquisition disappears with increased training. Psicologica, 31, 49-63.
  • León SP, Abad MJF, & Rosas JM (2011). Context-outcome associations mediate context-switch effects in a human predictive learning task. Learning and Motivation, 42, 84-98. Doi: 10.1016/j.lmot.2010.10.001
  • León SP, Callejas Aguilera JE, & Rosas JM (2012). Context switch effects and context experience in rats’ conditioned taste aversion. Psicologica, 33, 15-38.
  • Little, AH, Lipsitt LP, & Rovee-Collier CK (1984). Classical conditioning and retention of the infant’s eyelid response: Effects of age and interstimulus interval. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 37, 512-524. Doi: 10.1016/0022-0965(84)90074-2
  • Lovibond PF & Colagiuri B (2013). Facilitation of voluntary goal-directed action by reward cues. Psychological Science, 24, 2030-2037. Doi: 10.1177/0956797613484043
  • Lovibond PF, Satkunarajah M, & Colagiuri B (2015). Extinction can reduce the impact of reward cues on rewardseeking behavior. Behavioural Therapy, 46, 432-438. Doi: 10.1016/j.beth.2015.03.005
  • Lovibond PF, Siddle, DAT, & Bond N. (1988). Insensitivity to stimulus validity in human Pavlovian conditioning. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 40B, 377-410. Doi: 10.1080/14640748808402331
  • Mackintosh NJ (1976). Overshadowing and stimulus intensity. Animal Learning & Behavior, 4, 186-192. Doi: 10.3758/BF03214033
  • Maes E, Boddez Y, Alfei JM, Krypotos, D’Hooge R, De Houwer J, & Beckers T (2016). The elusive nature of the blocking effect: 15 failures to replicate. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 145, 49-71. Doi: 10.1037/xge0000200
  • Matsumoto Y & Mizunami M (2002). Temporal determinants of long-term retention of olfactory memory in the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus. The Journal of Experimental Biology, 205, 1429-1437.
  • Matute H, Arcediano F, & Miller RR (1996). Test question modulates cue competition between causes and between effects. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, & Cognition, 22, 182-196. Doi: 10.1037/0278-7393.22.1.182
  • Matute H, Vegas S, & De Marez PJ (2002). Flexible use of recent information in causal and predictive judgments. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, & Cognition, 28, 714-725. Doi: 10.1037/02787393.22.1.182
  • Matzel LD, Schachtman TR, & Miller RR (1985). Recovery of an overshadowed association achieved by extinction of the overshadowing stimulus. Learning and Motivation, 16, 398-412. Doi: 10.1016/0023-9690(85)90023-2
  • Miller RR, Barnet RC, & Grahame NJ (1992). Responding to a conditioned stimulus depends on the current associative status of other cues present during training of that specific stimulus. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 18, 251-264. Doi: 10.1037/0097-7403.18.3.251
  • Miller RR, Hallam SC, & Grahame NJ (1990). Inflation of comparator stimuli following CS training. Animal Learning & Behavior, 18, 434-443. Doi: 10.3758/BF03205325
  • Miller RR & Matute H (1996). Biological significance in forward and backward blocking: Resolution of a discrepancy between animal conditioning and human causal judgment. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 125, 370-386. Doi: 10.1037/0096-3445.125.4.370
  • Miller RR & Witnauer JE (2016). Retrospective evaluation: The phenomenon and its theoretical implications. Behavioural Processes, 123, 15-25. Doi: 10.1016/j.beproc.2015.09.001
  • Mineka S, Mystkowski JL, Hladek D, & Rodriguez BI (1999). The effects of changing contexts on return of fear following exposure treatment for spider fear. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 67, 599-604. Doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.67.4.599
  • Mitchell CJ & Lovibond PF (2002). Backward and forward blocking in human electrodermal conditioning: Blocking requires an assumption of outcome additivity. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 55B, 311-329. Doi: 10.1080/02724990244000025
  • Morris RW, Quail S, Griffiths KR, Green MJ, & Balleine B (2016). Corticostriatal control of goal-directed action is impaired in schizophrenia. Biological Psychiatry, 77, 187-195. Doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.06.005
  • Nakajima S, Tanaka S, Urushihara K, & Imada H (2000). Renewal of extinguished lever-press responses upon return to the training context. Learning and Motivation, 31, 416-431. Doi: 10.1006/lmot.2000.1064
  • Nelson JB, Lombas S, & Léon, SP (2011). Concurrent extinction does not render appetitive conditioning context specific. Learning & Behavior, 39, 87–94. Doi: 10.3758/s13420-011-0023-9
  • Nelson JB, Sanjuán MC, Vadillo Ruiz S, Pérez J, & León SP (2011). Experimental renewal in human participants. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 37, 58-70. Doi: 10.1037/a0020519
  • Neumann DL (2006). The effects of physical context changes and multiple extinction contexts on two forms of renewal in a conditioned suppression task with humans. Learning and Motivation, 37, 149-175. Doi:
  • 10.1016/j.lmot.2005.06.004 Neumann DL (2007). The resistance of renewal to instructions that devalue the role of contextual cues in a conditioned suppression task with humans. Learning and Motivation, 38, 105-127. Doi: 10.1016/j.lmot.2006.11.002
  • Neumann DL, Lipp OV, & Cory SE (2007). Conducting extinction in multiple contexts does not necessarily attenuate the renewal of shock expectancy in a fear conditioning procedure with humans. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 45, 385-394. Doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2006.02.001
  • Okifuji A & Friedman AG (1992). Experimentally induced taste aversions in humans: Effects of overshadowing on acquisition. Behavioural Research Therapy, 30, 23-32. Doi: 10.1016/0005-7967(92)90092-U
  • Overmier JB & Lawry JA (1979). Pavlovian conditioning and the mediation of behavior. In GH Bower (ed.). The psychology of learning and motivation, Vol 13 (pp. 1-55). New York: Academic Press.
  • Paredes Olay C, Abad MJF, Gámez M, & Rosas JM (2002). Transfer of control between causal predictive judgments and instrumental responding. Animal Learning & Behavior, 30, 239-248. Doi: 10.3758/BF03192833
  • Paredes Olay C & Rosas JM (1999). Within-subjects extinction and renewal in predictive judgments. Psicologica, 20, 195-210.
  • Pavlov IP (1927). Conditioned Reflexes. London: Oxford University Press. Doi: 10.5214/ans.0972-7531.1017309 Peck CA & Bouton ME (1990). Context and performance in aversive-to-appetitive and appetitive-to-aversive transfer.
  • Learning and Motivation, 21, 1-31. Doi: 10.1016/0023-9690(90)90002-6
  • Rauhut AS, McPhee J, DiPietro N., & Ayres JJB (2000) Conditioned inhibition training of the competing cue after compound conditioning does not reduce cue competition. Animal Learning & Behavior. 28, 92-108. Doi: 10.3758/BF03199775
  • Rescorla RA (1997). Response-inhibition in extinction. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 50B, 238252. Doi: 10.1080/713932655
  • Rescorla RA (1973). Effect of US habituation following conditioning. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 82, 137-143. Doi: 10.1037/h0033815
  • Rescorla RA (1991). Associative relations in instrumental learning: The Eighteenth Bartlett memorial lecture. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 43B, 1-23. Doi: 10.1080/14640749108401256
  • Rescorla RA (1992a). Associations between an instrumental discriminative stimulus and multiple outcomes. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 18, 95-104. Doi: 10.1037/0097-7403.18.1.95
  • Rescorla RA (1992b). Response-outcome versus outcome-response associations in instrumental learning. Animal Learning & Behavior, 20, 223-232. Doi: 10.3758/BF03213376
  • Rescorla RA (1993). Preservation of response-outcome associations through extinction. Animal Learning & Behavior, 21, 238-245. Doi: 10.3758/BF03197988
  • Rescorla RA & Freberg L (1978). The extinction of within-compound flavor associations. Learning and Motivation, 9, 411-427. Doi: 10.1016/0023-9690(78)90003-6
  • Rescorla RA & Heth CD (1975). Reinstatement of fear to an extinguished conditioned stimulus. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 1, 88-96. Doi: 10.1037/0097-7403.1.1.88
  • Rescorla RA & Solomon RL (1967). Two-process learning theory: relationship between Pavlovian conditioning and instrumental learning. Psychological Review, 74, 151-182. Doi: 10.1037/h0024475
  • Rescorla R & Wagner A (1972). A theory of Pavlovian conditioning: Variations in the effectiveness of reinforcement and nonreinforcement. In A. H. Black & W. F. Prokasy (Eds.), Classical conditioning II: Current research and theory. (pp. 64-99). New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
  • Revusky SH (1968). Aversion to sucrose produced by contingent X irradiation: Temporal and dosage parameters. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 65, 17-22. Doi: 10.1037/h0025416
  • Riccio DC, Richardson R, & Ebner DL (1984). Memory retrieval deficits based upon altered contextual cues: A paradox. Psychological Bulletin, 96, 152-165. Doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.96.1.152
  • Robbins SJ (1990). Mechanisms underlying spontaneous recovery in autoshaping. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 16, 235-249. Doi: 10.1037/0097-7403.16.3.235
  • Romero MA, Vila NJ, & Rosas JM (2003). Time and context effects after discrimination reversal in human beings. Psicologica, 24, 169-184.
  • Rosas JM & Bouton ME (1996). Spontaneous recovery after extinction of a conditioned taste aversion. Animal Learning & Behavior, 24, 341348. Doi: 10.3758/BF03198982
  • Rosas JM & Callejas Aguilera JE (2006). Context switch effects on acquisition and extinction in human predictive learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition, 32, 461-474. Doi: 10.1037/0278-7393.32.3.461
  • Rosas JM, García Gutiérrez A, & Callejas Aguilera JE (2006). Effects of context change upon first and second-learned information in human predictive learning. Psicologica, 27, 35-56.
  • Rosas JM, García Gutiérrez A, & Callejas Aguilera, JE (2007). AAB and ABA renewal as a function of the number of extinction trials in conditioned taste aversion. Psicologica, 28, 129-150.
  • Rosas JM, Paredes Olay MC, García Gutiérrez A, Espinosa JJ, & Abad MJF (2010). Outcome-specific transfer between predictive and instrumental learning is unaffected by extinction but reversed by counterconditioning in human participants. Learning and Motivation, 4, 48-66. Doi: 10.1016/j.lmot.2009.09.002
  • Rosas JM, Todd TP, & Bouton ME (2013). Context change and associative learning. WIRE Cognitive Science, 4, 237-244. Doi: 10.1002/wcs.1225
  • Rosas JM, Vila NJ, Lugo M, & López L (2001). Combined effect of context change and retention interval upon interference in causality judgments. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 27, 153-164. Doi: 10.1037/0097-7403.27.2.153
  • Sahley CL, Martin KA, & Gelperin A (1990). An analysis of associative learning in a terrestrial mollusc. II. Appetitive learning. Journal of Comparative Physiology. A, Neuroethology, Sensory, Neural, and Behavioral Physiology, 167, 339-345. Doi: 10.1007/BF00612791
  • Sandoz JC & Pham-Delègue MH (2004). Spontaneous Recovery After Extinction of the Conditioned Proboscis Extension Response in the Honeybee. Learning & Memory, 11, 586-597. Doi: 10.1101/lm.81504
  • Schachtman T, Threlkeld R, & Meyer K (2000). Retention of conditioned inhibition produced by extinction. Learning and Motivation, 31, 283-300. Doi: 10.1006/lmot.2000.1061
  • Schiller D, Monfils MH, Raio CM, Johnson DC, LeDoux JE, Phelps EA (2010). Preventing the return of fear in humans using reconsolidation update mechanisms. Nature, 463, U49-U51. Doi: 10.1038/nature08637
  • Schiller D, Cain CK, Curley NG, Schwarz JS, Stern SA, LeDoux JE, & Phelps EA (2008). Evidence for Recovery of Fear Following Immediate Extinction in Rats and Humans. Learning & Memory, 15, 394-402. Doi: 10.1101/lm.909208
  • Schugens MM & Daum I (1999). Long-term retention of classical eyeblink conditioning in amnesia. Neuroreport, 10, 149-152. Doi: 10.1097/00001756-199901180-00028
  • Schweitzer L & Green L (1982). Reevaluation of things past: A test of the “retrospective hypothesis” using a CER procedure in rats. Pavlovian Journal of Biological Science, 17, 62-68. Doi: 10.1007/BF03002000
  • Shanks DR (1985). Forward and backward blocking in human contingency judgement. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 378, 1-21. Doi: 10.1080/14640748508402082
  • Shanks DR & Dickinson A (1988). Associative accounts of causality judgement. The Psychology of Learning and Motivation, 21, 229-261. Doi: 10.1016/S0079-7421(08)60030-4
  • Siegel S & Allan L (1985). Overshadowing and blocking of the orientation-contingent aftereffect: Evidence for a conditioning mechanism. Learning and Motivation, 16, 125138. Doi: 10.1016/0023-9690(85)90008-6
  • Sissons HT & Miller RR (2009). Spontaneous recovery of excitation and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 35, 419-426. Doi: 10.1037/a0014815
  • Skinner BF (1938). The Behavior of Organisms: An experimental analysis. New York: Appleton Century Crofts.
  • Spetch ML (1995). Overshadowing in landmark learning: Touchscreen studies with pigeons and humans. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 21, 166-181. Doi: 10.1037/0097-7403.21.2.166
  • Stasiewicz PR, Brandon TH, & Bradizza CM (2007). Effects of extinction context and retrieval cues on renewal of alcohol cue reactivity among alcohol dependent outpatients. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 21, 244248. Doi: 10.1037/0893-164X.21.2.244
  • Sullivan MW, Rovee-Collier C, & Tynes DM (1979). A conditioning analysis of infant long-term memory. Child Development, 50, 152-162. Doi: 10.2307/1129051
  • Tamai N & Nakajima S (2000): Renewal of formerly conditioned fear in rats after extensive extinction training. International Journal of Comparative Psychology 13, 137-147.
  • Thewissen R, Snijders S, Havermans RC, Van den Hout M, & Jansen A (2006). Renewal of cue-elicited urge to smoke: Implications for cue exposure treatment. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44, 1441-1449. Doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2005.10.010
  • Thomas DA (1979). Retention of conditioned inhibition in a bar-press suppression paradigm. Learning and Motivation, 10,161-177. Doi: 10.1016/0023-9690(79)90042-0
  • Thomas BL, Larsen NL, & Ayres JJB (2003). Role of context similarity in ABA, ABC, and AAB renewal paradigms: Implications for theories of renewal and for treating human phobias. Learning and Motivation, 34, 410-436. Doi: 10.1016/S0023-9690(03)00037-7
  • Thomas DA & Riccio DC (1979). Forgetting of a CS attribute in a conditioned suppression paradigm. Animal Learning & Behavior, 7, 191-195. Doi: 10.3758/BF03209270
  • Thorndike EL (1898). Animal intelligence: An experimental study of the associative processes in animals. Psychological Review Monograph Supplement 2 (4, Whole No. 8). Doi: 10.1037/h0092987
  • Thorndike EL (1932). The fundamentals of learning. New-York: Teachers College, Columbia University. Thrailkil EA & Bouton ME (2015). Contextual control of instrumental actions and habits. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Learning and Cognition, 41, 69-80. Doi: 10.1037/xan0000045
  • Tolman EC (1932). Purposive behavior in animals and men. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
  • Tolman EC (1948). Cognitive maps in rats and men. Psychological Review, 55, 189-208. Doi: 10.1037/h0061626
  • Trapold MA & Overmier JB (1972). The second learning process in instrumental learning. In AA Black & FF Prokasy (Eds). Classical Conditioning II: Current research and theory (pp. 427-452). New York: Appleton-CenturyCrofts.
  • Underwood BJ (1948). “Spontaneous Recovery” of verbal associations. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 38, 429-439. Doi: 10.1037/h0059565
  • Van Hamme LJ & Wasserman EA (1994). Cue competition in causality judgments: The role of nonpresentation of compound stimulus elements. Learning and Motivation, 25, 127151. Doi: 10.1006/lmot.1994.1008
  • Vega Z, Vila JN, & Rosas JM (2004). Efecto de devaluación e inflación de la consecuencia sobre la asociación respuesta-consecuencia en una tarea instrumental con humanos. Psicologica, 25, 163-179.
  • Vila NJ, Romero MA, & Rosas JM (2002). Retroactive interference after discrimination reversal decreases following temporal and physical contexts in human subjects. Behavioural Processes, 59, 47-54. Doi: 10.1016/S03766357(02)00063-3
  • Vila NJ & Rosas JM (2001). Reinstatement of acquisition performance by presentation of the outcome after extinction in causality judgments. Behavioural Processes, 56, 147-154. Doi: 10.1016/S0376-6357(01)00197-8
  • Wagner AR (1981). SOP: A model of automatic memory processing in animal behavior. In NE Spear & RR Miller (Eds.), Information processing in animals: Memory mechanisms (pp. 5-47). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Wagner AR & Brandon SE (1989). Evolution of a structured connectionist model of Pavlovian conditioning (SOP). In SB Klein and RR Mowrer (Eds.), Contemporary learning theories: Pavlovian conditioning and the status of traditional learning theories (pp. 149-189). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Wagner AR, Logan FA, Haberlandt K, & Price T (1968). Stimulus selection in animal discrimination learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 76, 171-180. Doi: 10.1037/h0025414
  • Waller RJ & Mays NM (2007). Spontaneous Recovery of Previously Extinguished Behavior as an Alternative Explanation for Extinction-Related Side Effects. Behavior Modification, 31, 569-572. Doi: 10.1177/0145445507300935
  • Wasserman EL & Berglan R (1998). Backward blocking and recovery from overshadowing in human causal judgments: The role of within-compound associations. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 52B, 121-138. Doi: 10.1080/713932675