Supervillanos muy realesel uso político del villano en la trilogía de "El Caballero Oscuro" de Christopher Nolan

  1. Alfonso M. Rodriguez de Austria Giménez de Aragón 1
  1. 1 Universidad de Sevilla
    info

    Universidad de Sevilla

    Sevilla, España

    ROR https://ror.org/03yxnpp24

Journal:
Área abierta

ISSN: 1578-8393

Year of publication: 2016

Volume: 16

Issue: 1

Pages: 77-90

Type: Article

DOI: 10.5209/REV_ARAB.2016.V16.N1.47526 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openOpen access editor

More publications in: Área abierta

Abstract

It is almost a tradition that celluloid (or digital) villains are represented with some characteristics that remind us the real political enemies of the producer country of the film, or even enemies within the country according to the particular ideology that sustains the film. The case of Christopher Nolan The Dark Knight trilogy, analyzed here, is representative of this trend for two reasons. First, because it gets marked by political radicalization conducted by the US government after the attack of September 11, 2001. Secondly, because it offers a profuse gallery of villains who are outside the circle of friends as the new doctrine “either with us or against us” opened by George Bush for the XXI century. This gallery includes from the very terrorists who justify the War on Terror (Ra's al Ghul, the Joker), to the “radical left” (Bane, Talia al Ghul) including liberal politicians (Harvey Dent), and corrupt that take advantage of the softness of the law to commit crimes with impunity (Dr. Crane, the Scarecrow).

Bibliographic References

  • Black, Gregory. D. Hollywood censurado, Cambridge University Press, Madrid, 1999.
  • Birkenstein, Jeff. F.; Randell, Karen. A. Reframing 9/11: Film, Popular Culture and the War on Terror, Bloomsbury, Londres, 2010.
  • Biskind, Peter. Seeing Is Believing. Or How Hollywood Taught Us To Stop Worrying And Love The 50s, Bloomsbury, Londres, 2001.
  • Coma, J. Las películas de la caza de brujas, Madrid, Notorius, 2007.
  • Dini, Paul.; Timn, Bruce. Mad Love., DC, Nueva York, 1994.
  • Doherty, Thomas. Pre-Code Hollywood. Sex, Immorality, and Insurrection in American Cinema 1930-1934, Columbia University Press, Nueva York, 1999.
  • Fisher, Mark. y White, Rob. “The politics of «The Dark Knight Rises»: a discussion”. Film Quarterly. (http://www.filmquarterly.org/2012/09/the-politics-of-the-darkknight-rises-a-discussion/), accedido 11/12/2014.
  • Fradley, Martin. “What Do You Believe In? Film Scholarship and the Cultural Politics of the Dark Knight Franchise”, Film Quarterly, 66, 3 (2013), pp 15-27. DOI: 10.1525/fq.2013.66.3.15
  • Hassler-Forest, Dan. Capitalist Superheroes: Caped Crusaders in the Neoliberal Age, John Hunt Publishing-Zero Books, Winchester/Washington, 2012.
  • Itier, E. “Christian Bale, Anne Hathaway & The Stars of Batman's Final Chapter”. Buzzine, 19 de julio de 2012.
  • Karthick RM. “The Dark Knight Rises a ‘Fascist’?” (https://wavesunceasing.wordpress.com/2012/07/), accedido 11/12/2014.
  • Kellner, Douglas. Cinema Wars: Hollywood Film and Politics in the Bush-Cheney Era, Wiley-Blackwell, Hoboken, NJ, 2010.
  • Kimmel, D. M. (2008). “The Batman we deserve”, en PORTER, Alan. J. (Ed) Batman Unauthorized: Vigilantes, Jokers, and Heroes in Gotham City (pp 157-170), Dallas, BenBella Books.
  • Griffin, David R. The New Pearl Harbor: Disturbing Questions About the Bush Administration and 9/11, Arris, Gloucestershire, 2008.
  • Lewis, Randolph. “The Dark Knight of the American Empire”, Jump Cut: A Review of Contemporary Media, 51, primavera, 2009.
  • Marano, Michael. “Ra's al Ghul: Father Figure as Terrorist”, en PO RTER, Alan. J. (Ed) Batman Unauthorized: Vigilantes, Jokers, and Heroes in Gotham City (pp 69-84), BenBella Books, Dallas, 2008.
  • McGowan, Todd. “The exceptional darkness of The Dark Knight”, Jump Cut: A Review of Contemporary Media, 51, primavera, 2009.
  • McGowan, Todd. “Should the Dark Knight have risen?”, Jump Cut: A Review of Contemporary Media, 54, otoño, 2012.
  • Moore, Alan; Bolland, Brian. The Killing Joke, DC, Nueva York, 1998.
  • O’Neil, Tyler. “Dark Knight and Occupy Wall Street: The Humble Rise”, Hillsdale Natural Law Review, (http://hillsdalenaturallawreview.com/2012/07/21/dark-knightand-occupy-wall-street-the-humble-rise/), accedido 11/12/2014.
  • Pearson, Roberta. E.; Uricchio, William. The Many Lives of the Batman. Critical Approaches to a Superhero and His Media, Routledge, Nueva York, 1991.
  • Porter, Alan. J. (Editor). Batman Unauthorized: Vigilantes, Jokers, and Heroes in Gotham City, BenBella Books, Dallas, 2008.
  • Ray, Robert. B. A Certain Tendency of the Hollywood Cinema, 1930-1980, Princeton University Press, Nueva Jersey, 1985.
  • Ryan, Michael; Kellner, Douglas. Camera Politica. The Politics and Ideology of Contemporary Hollywood Films. Bloomington, Indiana University Press, 1990.
  • Sardar, Ziauddin. y Davies, Merryl. W. ¿Por qué la gente odia EE.UU.?, Gedisa, Barcelona, 2009.
  • Schmitt, Carl. El concepto de lo político, Alianza Editorial, Madrid, 1991.
  • Shaheen, Jack G. (2001). Reel Bad Arabs: How Hollywood Vilifies a People. Nueva York, Olive Branch Press.
  • Taylor, R. B. (2008). “Keeping It Real in Gotham”. En Porter, Alan. J. (Ed) Batman Unauthorized: Vigilantes, Jokers, and Heroes in Gotham City (pp 7-15), Dallas, BenBella Books.
  • Toh, Justine. “The Tools and Toys of the War (on Terror): Consumer Desire, Military Fetish, and Regime Change in Batman Begins”. En Birkenstein, Jeff. F. y Randell, Karen. A. Reframing 9/11: Film, Popular Culture and the War on Terror, Bloomsbury, Londres, 2010.
  • Tyree, J. M. “American Heroes”. Film Quarterly, 62,3 (2009), pp 28-34.
  • Valantin, Jean-Michel. (2008). Hollywood, el Pentágono y Washington. Los tres actores de una estrategia global. Barcelona, Laertes.
  • White, Rob. “Send in the cyborgs”, Film Quarterly, 62, 3 (2009), pp 4-7.
  • Whitfield, Stephen. J. The Culture of the Cold War. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, 1991.
  • Zizek, Slavoj. “Dictadura del proletariado de Gotham City”, El Viejo Topo, 297, 2012, pp 50-57.