Estreñimiento
- A.J. Abraldes Bechiarelli 1
- M.T. Ramos-Clemente 1
- P. Pérez Guerrero 2
- C. Rodríguez Ramos 1
- 1 Unidad Clínica de Gestión de Aparato Digestivo
- 2 Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar. Cádiz España
ISSN: 0304-5412
Datum der Publikation: 2016
Titel der Ausgabe: Enfermedades del aparato digestivo (VII) Enfermedades del tubo digestivo. Intestino delgado y grueso
Serie: 12
Nummer: 7
Seiten: 337-345
Art: Artikel
Andere Publikationen in: Medicine: Programa de Formación Médica Continuada Acreditado
Zusammenfassung
Introducción El estreñimiento es un síntoma frecuente que en ocasiones puede afectar de forma considerable la calidad de vida, y que el paciente puede referir como disminución del número de deposiciones, aumento de su consistencia, dificultad para la expulsión de las heces y/o sensación de evacuación incompleta. Etiopatogenia Es importante identificar, en primer lugar, enfermedades relacionadas o probables factores precipitantes, cuyo tratamiento o corrección serán importantes para que la evolución sea favorable. Diagnóstico En caso de estreñimiento crónico idiopático, será necesario establecer si el tránsito colónico es normal, lento o si existe disfunción de la musculatura implicada en la defecación, ya que las medidas terapéuticas pueden diferir de un caso a otro. Tratamiento En los últimos años, además de las medidas iniciales de educación nutricional y hábitos de salud, dieta rica en fibra y laxantes, han surgido medicamentos con diferentes mecanismos de acción que han demostrado eficacia en casos refractarios. El tratamiento quirúrgico sigue reservándose para casos muy seleccionados de pacientes con falta de respuesta o intolerancia al amplio arsenal terapéutico del que disponemos, y en cada caso es necesario valorar de forma individualizada los riesgos y beneficios.
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