Nocardiosis

  1. Rodríguez Fernández-Viagas, C. 1
  2. Montes de Oca Arjona, M. 1
  3. Palomar Muñoz, M.C. 1
  4. Arizcorreta Yarza, A. 1
  1. 1 Servicio de Medicina Interna General, Enfermedades infecciosas y Cuidados Paliativos. Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar. Cádiz. España
Revista:
Medicine: Programa de Formación Médica Continuada Acreditado

ISSN: 0304-5412

Año de publicación: 2022

Título del ejemplar: Enfermedades infecciosas (V)

Serie: 13

Número: 53

Páginas: 3111-3120

Tipo: Artículo

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Otras publicaciones en: Medicine: Programa de Formación Médica Continuada Acreditado

Resumen

La nocardiosis es una enfermedad infecciosa poco común producida por una bacteria, Nocardia, del orden de los Actynomycetales. Produce una inflamación granulomatosa en diferentes órganos, con un curso subagudo o crónico, siendo en nuestro medio la afectación pulmonar la más frecuente. Existen también formas cutáneas y diseminadas, con especial predilección por el sistema nervioso central, con una elevada mortalidad. Es más frecuente en pacientes inmunosuprimidos, aunque también puede producirse en sujetos inmunocompetentes, especialmente en su forma cutánea. Los principales factores de riesgo son aquellas situaciones que conllevan un déficit de inmunidad celular. Las técnicas de biología molecular y de espectrofotometría de masa MALDI-TOF han mejorado el diagnóstico en cuanto a tiempo y fiabilidad. Cotrimoxazol es el fármaco de primera línea. Sin embargo, el tratamiento dependerá de las formas clínicas, del grado de inmunosupresión y de la gravedad inicial, recomendándose en casos graves y en enfermedad diseminada la combinación de al menos dos antimicrobianos con actividad frente a Nocardia. El tratamiento debe ser prolongado para evitar la aparición de recidivas.

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Fuente de los datos: Dialnet