Desarrollo de nanomateriales de conservación innovadoresestudio de la eficacia y durabilidad, in situ, en tres yacimientos arqueológicos del patrimonio andaluz

Resumen

Our Monumental Heritage outdoor located is suffering an alarming deterioration, and its conservation represents a fundamental challenge for today's society. In the case of stone materials, the alteration mechanisms are related to the penetration of water into their porous structure by reacting with the substrate, dissolving its components and acting as a vehicle for the penetration of various deterioration agents. Our research group has developed an innovative synthesis route that allows obtaining nanomaterials with consolidating/water-repellent properties, capable of restoring and protecting the deteriorated monumental stone through a single treatment. The main challenge of these products applied in construction’s materials is the durability of their properties against degradation agents. However, the evaluation of the durability of these products has been scarcely studied in the laboratory and in situ. In this Doctoral Thesis, the materials designed in our laboratory with effect (consolidating/water-repellent) and (consolidating/super-water-repellent) will be applied to rocks from three emblematic archaeological sites within the Andalusian community, with evident alteration problems caused by different agents. Located respectively in a coastal natural park (Baelo Claudia), in a coastal industrial area (Carteia) and inland (Acinipo). In each archaeological site, after the environmental study: (1) The mineralogical, petrographic and chemical-physical characterization of samples of the stone materials was carried out to determine the causes of their alteration. (2) The efficacy and durability of the synthesized products (UCA) were evaluated in the laboratory (3) The durability of the products was evaluated by exposure to the archaeological site for three years. Simultaneously, a comparative study was carried out on samples treated with two commercial consolidants and water repellents (BSOH100 and BS290). The UCA products showed good compatibility, creating a homogeneous coating without fractures and with a high penetration depth, maintaining its properties after exposure to external conditions. In the case of commercial products, a loss of effectiveness was observed after exposure due to the fracturing of their coatings and the low penetration in the porous structure of the stone.