Evaluation of Strategies for the Prevention of HIV and STIs in Spanish Adolescents

Resumen

Introduction: In Spain, were recorded in the 2014, 3366 new diagnosis of VIH, of which 1.9% were adolescents under the age of 20 years. Among the UNAIDS targets for 2020, is that almost all of them are empowered with the skills, knowledge and capability to protect themselves from HIV. From nursing in the area of health prevention, one searches for to better understand the factors influencing the protection of this disease in adolescents.Objectives: The specific objectives are: a) to analyse the level of knowledge about HIV and STIs and attitudes toward sexuality (erotophilia-erotophobia) of adolescents; b) measure the differences between the various academic courses; c) evaluate sources of information on sexuality which uses this population; d) correlating the level of knowledge about HIV and STIs with erotophilia level.Method: The sample was composed of adolescents (n = 879) between 12 and 18 years, from five High School of the province of Malaga, obtained through non-probability sampling. EROS and ECI questionnaire were used and Spearman's bivariate correlation were run to analyse the relationship between two questionnaires.Result: The Scale of knowledge about HIV and other STIs (ECI), it was observed that the items they scored lowest were those related to the mechanisms of HIV transmission, followed by the related to the knowledge about the effective contraceptive methods to prevent the transmission of STIs. A coefficient significant negative correlation was obtained in the test of Spearman's bivariate correlation. In addition, statistically significant difference was found in sexual attitudes among the students of the first course in front of the other.Conclusion: The adolescents in this study presented a significant disinformation, with a percentage of success in around 50% on STIs and HIV. Those who show a more positive attitude toward sexuality have a lower knowledge on HIV and STIs. It is a matter of priority an action plan in this area carried out by the nurse in order to better understand what influences an effective sex education besides preventing the transmission of HIV and other STIs.