Comparasion of glycosylated haemoglobin after a training program and nutritional education in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Resumen

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and obesity are prevalent and rapidly increasing public health concerns globally. Exercise and nutritional education are commonly used interventions that have been shown to enhance blood glucose regulation in individuals with T2D. This study aims to investigate the effect exercise training and nutritional counseling on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in adults with T2D. In this controlled clinical trial with a 12-week intervention, 62 adults with T2D and obesity (37 men; 55.9±7.3 years), were randomized into six groups according to nutritional counseling (Diet vs. NoDiet groups) and physical exercise program, consisting of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) or moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) or maintaining their inactive levels (INACT) as controls. Thius, the groups were Diet+HIIT, Diet+MICT, Diet+INACT, NoDiet+HIIT, NoDiet+MICT, and NoDiet+INACT. Supervised physical exercise sessions were conducted three times a week on a cycloergometer. MICT consisted of 50 minutes at 10% over lactate threshold intensity, while HIIT consisted of 10 bouts of 1 minute over 90% of peak power with 1 minute of rest. Diet was balanced in macro and micronutrients with a caloric deficit of 350-500 kcal using personal interviews. HbA1c was measured under fasting conditions. The ANOVA test and Bonferroni were applied with statistical significance set at p<0.05. A significant time x diet interaction was found for HbA1c (p=0.004). A main effect of moment was found for HbA1c (p<0.001). After the intervention, the diet group presented a HbA1c of 5.6±0.3 while the NoDiet group showed a HbA1c level of 7.0±1.6. However, the physical exercise program did not present statistical significant results, either interactions. Our findings support the benefits of a diet intervention in the management in T2D, notwithstanding physical exercise may improve other heatlh markers.