Methodological framework for near real.time volcano monitoring developed on Deception volcano (Antarctic Peninsula)

Resumen

The Global Navigation Satellite Systems consolidation, the global extension anddistribution of the International GNSS Service network, the data accessibility viainternet, wireless or telemetry, and the receivers high-rate data acquisition, storagecapacityandlowpowerconsumption,allowsthedeploymentofadditionalcontinuouslyoperating stationsandperiodiccampaignobservedbenchmarks for theassessmentofregional scalegeodynamics based onground displacement.Real-time dataaccessalsoallowsassessingground displacementswithaslightlatencyi.e.nearreal-time.The development of data processing strategies, supported on precise products,provide the means for millimeter-level positioning and precise ground-displacementvelocities to determine regional tectonic models. Anomalies on measured ground displacements from the regional tectonic modelare related too ther processese.g.to anactive volcano. The anomalous ground-displacement velocities associated to the volcano dynamics allow to model the acting processes and structures and from them to establish future scenarios. The detail of the volcano dynamics modelis proportional to the number and distribution of sites with measured ground-displacement.The proposed networks are constituted by periodically observed benchmarks added to thecontinuously observed stations. In the assessment of the volcano dynamics we distinguish between non real-timemonitoring- simplymonitoring- and nearreal-timemonitoring - surveillance. Monitoring provides the time evolution of the volcano dynamics model, while surveillance provides the near real-time status. Promptness negatively affects the data processing solution precision on short data time-intervals. Nearreal-timemeasuredground displacements requires filtering strategies to enhance its precision,benefit in go nhighersampling-rates.The Kalman Filter is applied to reduce noise and possible state evolution. On volcanic unrest, forecasting is a priority tomitigate risk. The acceleration ofground-displacementsas precursor to seismicityandmagma propagation, and a magma propagation model to establish the location of eruption ventsand land slides are applied. In Deception, every austral summer since 2001, in an in hospitable environment and limited outside communications, the development of methods was experienced trough the assessment of regional tectonics, volcano dynamics and evolution, and monitoring, surveill an ceandfore casting capability.