Morphological study of the caprine aortic valve system: An anatomical-histological model for the study of valve pathology

  1. García-Palomeque J.C. 1
  2. Larran J. 1
  3. Guzmán J.L. 13
  4. Molero-Chamizo A. 2
  5. Salido M. 1
  1. 1 Histology Department, School of Medicine, Cádiz University, Spain
  2. 2 Psychobiology Area , University of Huelva, Spain
  3. 3 Agroforestry Sciences Department, Huelva University, Spain
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Actas:
XXI CONGRESO DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPAÑOLA DE HISTOLOGÍA E INGENIERÍA TISULAR IX INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF HISTOLOGY AND TISSUE ENGINEERING VII CONGRESO IBEROAMERICANO DE HISTOLOGÍA

Año de publicación: 2022

Tipo: Aportación congreso

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Resumen

lntroduction: Knowledge of anatomy and morphology plays an important role in the study of tissue, cellular, and molecular changes that occur in various valvular pathologies such as endocarditis, heart failure, and valvular stenosis. The study of the aortic valve, as an experimental model, requires a detailed histological description that is essential for its possible translation. The most relevant experimental models of the aortic valve are rodent models, but there are no standardmodels in other animal species [1]. Thus, we describe here a goat model for the study of the aortic valve. Among the advantages of this model is that the size and structure of the caprine valve are similar to those of the human being, and histologically it shows the morphology of epithelial trilayers described in humans.Methods: Through this model we analyze possible changes in the aortic valve after an experimental intervention that has been shown to be effective in other experimental models. In particular, we analyzed the possible induction of degenerative aortic stenosis through changes in the animals' diet. A histological study of the cell population and connective structures of the aortic valve and caprine cardiac tissue, both from newborns and adult goats, was carried out by carving the aorticvalve and the subvalvular apparatus. In the histological and microscopy procedure, the following staining procedures were performed: hematoxylin-eosin, Masson's trichrome stain, and Orcein stain. The immunohistochemical procedure was used to mark different cell subtypes, and transmission microscopy was also used to analyze the different structures of the connective tissue at the subcellular level. Results: The results indicate that the goat model used is useful to show experimentally induced histopathological changes in the aortic valve, similar to the changes described in rodent models.Discussion & conclusions: Unlike the rodent model, caprine valve histology shows the same morphological organization of epithelial trilayers as that of humans.