Mejoras en el comportamiento de los buques de L< 24 metros, en condiciones meteorológicas y estados de la mar adversos, a través de la investigación factual de los siniestros marítimos

Abstract

The main technical factor in the development of marine casualties on vessels under 24 meters length and, in particular, in fishing vessels is related to deficiencies in the ship's intact stability. According to the Spanish Commission for Investigation of Maritime Accidents and Incidents (CIAIM), between 50 and 60% of accidents carried out in recent years were fishing vessels where 60% of them were produced by subsidence or overturning caused flooding and loss of stability. These deficiencies are not usually due to a single cause, being usually related with a set of them, as happened with the collapse of the fishing vessel O’Bahía in 2004. In this case, 10 deaths were caused by the loss of dynamic stability due to an inadequate ship speed under following sea or successive shipment of water by large waves and the existence of high weights not included in the load conditions. Furthermore, some other limitations in the design of these vessels were added as a consequence of the legislation that limits, in new construction vessels, the volume under main deck (GT). This would mean that ships are designed with a very tight freeboard, which may undermine the stability at large angles. This large angles stability is very important to avoid situations of anxiety especially in adverse weather conditions. We also consider that the current stability criteria (IMO, Rahola), based primarily on the setting of minimum values for various righting static and dynamic arms, can´t be considered completely satisfactory due to they do not take into account the size of the ship and the hell over actions that are submitted these vessels. Therefore, we consider the need to establish a new intact stability criterion for the fleet object of this thesis based on the weight of GM and dynamic stability [ ] to the angle of 70° and the value of the Critical Wave Height (CWH) adapted to the meteorological and oceanographic conditions of the fishing ground, paying particular attention to failures related to the parametric roll (Spanos&Papanikolaou, 2009), pure loss of stability, Surf-riding (Peters et al., 2011) and broaching, dead-ship condition and excessive accelerations, such as that indicated by the IMO in the development of Second Generation of Initial Stability criteria from the 48th session of the SLF and the IMO SDC1 setting levels to study about these phenomena. Also, the IMO proposal of Goal based Standards on New Ship Construction were considered using Risk based Oriented Methodology studies by a Formal Safety Assessment (FSA) procedure. The study of the human factor was made from the perspective of the investigation of maritime accidents, taken into account the great importance that human error is the main factor in accidents of fishing vessels. Such accidents will be analyzed through the factual investigation using as reference the ILO/IMO research model of human factors and the research models used to identify and sequence these events. Finally, systematic series actions to improve the model will be developed based on STCW78 Manila 2010 amendments and the Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers-Fishing (STCW-F).